Contraception, also called birth control, includes methods and remedies used to prevent pregnancy. There are several forms of contraception available, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Here are some of the most common types of birth control:
Hormonal Methods
- Contraceptive pill: A daily pill that contains hormones (estrogen and progestin) to prevent ovulation.
- Contraceptive patch: A patch that releases hormones through the skin and is replaced weekly.
- Vaginal ring: A flexible ring that releases hormones and is worn in the vagina for three weeks.
- Injection (injection): A hormone injection administered every three months.
- Implant (hormone rod): A small rod placed under the skin of the arm that releases hormones for three years.
Barrier methods
- Condom: A thin latex or polyurethane sleeve worn over the penis to prevent semen from reaching the vagina. Female condoms are also available.
- Pessary (cervical cap): A flexible, silicone cap that is placed in the vagina to cover the cervix.
Intrauterine Method (IUD)
- Spiral (IUD): A small T-shaped device placed in the uterus by a doctor. There are copper-containing IUDs and hormone IUDs. A copper IUD can work for up to 10 years, while a hormone IUD usually works for 3 to 5 years.
Permanent Methods
- Sterilization in females (tube ligation): A surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are cut or closed to prevent the egg from reaching the uterus.
- Male sterilization (vasectomy): A surgical procedure in which the vas deferens are cut or closed to prevent sperm from being released during ejaculation.
Natural Methods
- Periodic abstinence: Avoiding sexual intercourse during the woman's fertile period, which is calculated based on the menstrual cycle.
- Coitus interruptus (withdrawal): Het terugtrekken van de penis uit de vagina voordat ejaculatie plaatsvindt.
Emergency contraception
- Morning after pill: A pill that contains hormones and must be taken within 72 hours (or up to 120 hours depending on the type of pill) after unprotected sexual intercourse.
- Copper IUD: Can also be used as emergency contraception if placed within five days of unprotected intercourse.
Advantages and disadvantages
Each type of contraception has its own advantages and disadvantages. Hormonal methods are often very effective, but can have side effects such as weight gain, mood swings or increased risk of thrombosis. Barrier methods are generally safer, but less effective if used incorrectly. Permanent methods are very effective but irreversible. Natural methods require close monitoring and self-control, and are less reliable.
Choosing the right method of contraception depends on personal preferences, health factors and lifestyle. It is important to consult with a doctor to determine the best option for your situation.
